When people think of the coldest locations on this planet, they often think of snow-covered forests and frozen bodies of water during prolonged polar nights. Although Antarctica has scored the lowest temperature ever recorded in history, many countries have registered very low mean temperatures throughout the year due to their geographical position and continental climate.
Here are the world’s five coldest countries, based on average temperature, according to the World Population Review. And what can tourists expect? Let’s find out.
Russia — Average annual temperature –2.50 degrees Celsius
Officially, Russia is the coldest country in the world by average temperature. It spans most of northern Eurasia and extends deep into the Arctic Circle, with much of its lands enduring a prolonged, cold, and dark winter. Most of Siberia annually faces extreme conditions during winter, with temperatures often dropping below -30 degrees Celsius. The town of Oymyakon, often called the coldest permanently inhabited place on Earth, has recorded temperatures close to –67 degrees Celsius. Russia’s immense size, continental climate and northern latitude combine to make it the coldest nation on the planet overall.
Canada — Average annual temperature –2.14 degrees Celsius
Canada is second in this list, only a slight degree above Russia in terms of average temperature. A vast portion of the Canadian landmass is located in the highest latitudes in the world, and many areas in this country also experience the effects of Arctic air masses. Winter in many of the Canadian territories, such as Nunavut and Northwest Territories, is very lengthy and harsh, with many areas remaining under snow cover for most of the winter period. Canada’s vast boreal forests, tundra landscapes and frozen lakes reflect a climate shaped strongly by polar conditions. Picture-perfect alpine lakes, vibrant wildlife, and number of exciting treks, what’s not to love?
Tajikistan — Average annual temperature 1.10 degrees Celsius
While Tajikistan may appear to be a surprise inclusion on a list such as this, the country features here largely due to its geography. A large percentage of the country is home to the Pamir Mountains, commonly known as the ‘Roof of the World.’ Elevations in these ranges reach above 4,000 meters. While the country is positioned remarkably far south of the Arctic, its low temperatures indicate a chilly climate, despite its location, with low temperatures offset by its extreme altitude. In the winter, the temperature is sub-zero, with a large amount of snow.
Kyrgyzstan — Average annual temperature 1.54 degrees Celsius
Like in Tajikistan, the climate in Kyrgyzstan is cold due to its high geographical position and not its latitude. Its terrain is characterised by the Tian Shan mountain range which ensures that its highland areas and Alpine valleys have lengthy, cold winters and short, cool summers. A vast majority of Kyrgyzstan comprises areas above 1,000 meters above sea level, which ensures that its temperatures remain low throughout the entire year. Snow also lies on its mountain peaks throughout the summer. For tourists, once they get used to the biting cold, it’s not too difficult to shift their attention to the photogenic landscapes.
Iceland — Average annual temperature 1.98 degrees Celsius
Despite its name and northern location, Iceland’s climate is moderated by the warm North Atlantic Drift, a branch of the Gulf Stream. Still, it remains one of the coldest countries in the world by average temperature. Winters are long and dark, especially in the north, while summers remain cool and brief. Glaciers cover around 11 per cent of the country, and snow, wind and ice shape much of the landscape. Iceland’s volcanic activity contrasts sharply with its cold climate, creating one of the most geologically dramatic environments on Earth. Because of this dramatic geology, Iceland is also known as the Land of Fire and Ice. There are a lot of hot springs to experience and starry nights to witness.
